Social Media Automation Technical Implementation Guide

Content scheduling automation ensures consistent posting across platforms while optimizing for timing and audience behavior. Advanced scheduling goes beyond basic calendar tools to incorporate performance data, audience insights, and platform-specific best practices.

Implement a scheduling system with these capabilities: Multi-platform support (all major social networks), bulk scheduling and CSV import, optimal time scheduling based on historical performance, timezone handling for global audiences, content categorization and tagging, approval workflows, and post-performance tracking. Use APIs to connect your scheduling tool directly to social platforms rather than relying on less reliable methods.

Create an automated content calendar that pulls from multiple sources: Your content repository, curated content feeds, user-generated content, and performance data. Implement rules-based scheduling: "If post type = educational and platform = LinkedIn, schedule on Tuesday/Thursday at 10 AM." Use historical performance data to optimize scheduling times dynamically. Set up alerts for scheduling conflicts or content gaps. This automation ensures your content engine (discussed in Article 2) runs smoothly without manual intervention for every post.

Scheduling System Architecture

// Scheduling System Core Components
class ContentScheduler {
    constructor(platforms, rulesEngine) {
        this.platforms = platforms;
        this.rulesEngine = rulesEngine;
        this.scheduledPosts = [];
        this.performanceData = {};
    }
    
    async schedulePost(content, options = {}) {
        // Determine optimal posting times
        const optimalTimes = await this.calculateOptimalTimes(content, options);
        
        // Apply scheduling rules
        const schedulingRules = this.rulesEngine.evaluate(content, options);
        
        // Schedule across platforms
        const scheduledPosts = [];
        for (const platform of this.platforms) {
            const platformConfig = this.getPlatformConfig(platform);
            const postTime = this.adjustForTimezone(optimalTimes[platform], platformConfig.timezone);
            
            if (this.isTimeAvailable(postTime, platform)) {
                const scheduledPost = await this.createScheduledPost({
                    content,
                    platform,
                    scheduledTime: postTime,
                    platformConfig
                });
                
                scheduledPosts.push(scheduledPost);
                await this.addToCalendar(scheduledPost);
            }
        }
        
        return scheduledPosts;
    }
    
    async calculateOptimalTimes(content, options) {
        const optimalTimes = {};
        
        for (const platform of this.platforms) {
            // Get historical performance data
            const performance = await this.getPlatformPerformance(platform);
            
            // Consider content type
            const contentType = content.type || 'general';
            const contentPerformance = performance.filter(p => p.content_type === contentType);
            
            // Calculate best times based on engagement
            const bestTimes = this.analyzeEngagementPatterns(contentPerformance);
            
            // Adjust for current audience online patterns
            const audiencePatterns = await this.getAudienceOnlinePatterns(platform);
            const adjustedTimes = this.adjustForAudiencePatterns(bestTimes, audiencePatterns);
            
            optimalTimes[platform] = adjustedTimes;
        }
        
        return optimalTimes;
    }
    
    async createScheduledPost(data) {
        // Format content for platform
        const formattedContent = this.formatForPlatform(data.content, data.platform);
        
        // Add UTM parameters for tracking
        const trackingUrl = this.addUTMParameters(data.content.url, {
            source: data.platform,
            medium: 'social',
            campaign: data.content.campaign
        });
        
        return {
            id: generateUUID(),
            platform: data.platform,
            content: formattedContent,
            scheduledTime: data.scheduledTime,
            status: 'scheduled',
            metadata: {
                contentType: data.content.type,
                campaign: data.content.campaign,
                trackingUrl: trackingUrl
            }
        };
    }
}

// Rules Engine for Smart Scheduling
class SchedulingRulesEngine {
    constructor(rules) {
        this.rules = rules;
    }
    
    evaluate(content, options) {
        const applicableRules = this.rules.filter(rule => 
            this.matchesConditions(rule.conditions, content, options)
        );
        
        return this.applyRules(applicableRules, content, options);
    }
    
    matchesConditions(conditions, content, options) {
        return conditions.every(condition => {
            switch (condition.type) {
                case 'content_type':
                    return content.type === condition.value;
                case 'platform':
                    return options.platforms?.includes(condition.value);
                case 'campaign_priority':
                    return content.campaignPriority >= condition.value;
                case 'day_of_week':
                    const scheduledDay = new Date(options.scheduledTime).getDay();
                    return condition.values.includes(scheduledDay);
                default:
                    return true;
            }
        });
    }
}

// Example scheduling rules
const schedulingRules = [
    {
        name: 'LinkedIn Professional Content',
        conditions: [
            { type: 'platform', value: 'linkedin' },
            { type: 'content_type', value: 'professional' }
        ],
        actions: [
            { type: 'preferred_times', values: ['09:00', '12:00', '17:00'] },
            { type: 'avoid_times', values: ['20:00', '06:00'] },
            { type: 'max_posts_per_day', value: 2 }
        ]
    },
    {
        name: 'Instagram Visual Content',
        conditions: [
            { type: 'platform', value: 'instagram' },
            { type: 'content_type', value: 'visual' }
        ],
        actions: [
            { type: 'preferred_times', values: ['11:00', '15:00', '19:00'] },
            { type: 'require_hashtags', value: true },
            { type: 'max_posts_per_day', value: 3 }
        ]
    }
];

Chatbots and automated responses handle routine inquiries, qualify leads, and provide instant customer support outside business hours. Proper implementation requires understanding conversation design, natural language processing, and integration with your CRM and knowledge base.

Design conversation flows for common scenarios: Frequently asked questions, lead qualification, appointment scheduling, order status inquiries, and basic troubleshooting. Use a decision tree or state machine approach for simple bots, or natural language understanding (NLU) for more advanced implementations. Always include an escalation path to human agents.

Implement across platforms: Facebook Messenger, Instagram Direct Messages, Twitter/X Direct Messages, WhatsApp Business API, and your website chat. Use platform-specific APIs and webhooks for real-time messaging. Integrate with your CRM to capture lead information and with your knowledge base to provide accurate answers. Monitor chatbot performance: Response accuracy, user satisfaction, escalation rate, and conversion rate from chatbot interactions. Update conversation flows regularly based on user feedback and new common questions.

Chatbot Implementation Architecture

// Chatbot Core Architecture
class SocialMediaChatbot {
    constructor(platforms, nluEngine, dialogManager) {
        this.platforms = platforms;
        this.nluEngine = nluEngine;
        this.dialogManager = dialogManager;
        this.conversationStates = new Map();
    }
    
    async handleMessage(message) {
        const { platform, userId, text, context } = message;
        
        // Get or create conversation state
        const conversationId = `${platform}:${userId}`;
        let state = this.conversationStates.get(conversationId) || this.initializeState(platform, userId);
        
        // Process message with NLU
        const nluResult = await this.nluEngine.process(text, context);
        
        // Manage dialog flow
        const response = await this.dialogManager.handle(
            nluResult,
            state,
            context
        );
        
        // Update conversation state
        state = this.updateState(state, nluResult, response);
        this.conversationStates.set(conversationId, state);
        
        // Format and send response
        await this.sendResponse(platform, userId, response);
        
        // Log interaction for analytics
        await this.logInteraction({
            conversationId,
            platform,
            userId,
            message: text,
            nluResult,
            response,
            timestamp: new Date()
        });
        
        return response;
    }
    
    initializeState(platform, userId) {
        return {
            platform,
            userId,
            step: 'welcome',
            context: {},
            history: [],
            startTime: new Date(),
            lastActivity: new Date()
        };
    }
}

// Natural Language Understanding Engine
class NLUEngine {
    constructor(models, intents, entities) {
        this.models = models;
        this.intents = intents;
        this.entities = entities;
    }
    
    async process(text, context) {
        // Text preprocessing
        const processedText = this.preprocess(text);
        
        // Intent classification
        const intent = await this.classifyIntent(processedText);
        
        // Entity extraction
        const entities = await this.extractEntities(processedText, intent);
        
        // Sentiment analysis
        const sentiment = await this.analyzeSentiment(processedText);
        
        // Confidence scoring
        const confidence = this.calculateConfidence(intent, entities);
        
        return {
            text: processedText,
            intent,
            entities,
            sentiment,
            confidence,
            context
        };
    }
    
    async classifyIntent(text) {
        // Use machine learning model or rule-based matching
        if (this.models.intentClassifier) {
            return await this.models.intentClassifier.predict(text);
        }
        
        // Fallback to rule-based matching
        for (const intent of this.intents) {
            const patterns = intent.patterns || [];
            for (const pattern of patterns) {
                if (this.matchesPattern(text, pattern)) {
                    return intent.name;
                }
            }
        }
        
        return 'unknown';
    }
}

// Dialog Management
class DialogManager {
    constructor(dialogs, fallbackHandler) {
        this.dialogs = dialogs;
        this.fallbackHandler = fallbackHandler;
    }
    
    async handle(nluResult, state, context) {
        const intent = nluResult.intent;
        const currentStep = state.step;
        
        // Find appropriate dialog handler
        const dialog = this.dialogs.find(d => 
            d.intent === intent && d.step === currentStep
        ) || this.dialogs.find(d => d.intent === intent);
        
        if (dialog) {
            return await dialog.handler(nluResult, state, context);
        }
        
        // Fallback to general handler
        return await this.fallbackHandler(nluResult, state, context);
    }
}

// Example Dialog Definition
const supportDialogs = [
    {
        intent: 'product_inquiry',
        step: 'welcome',
        handler: async (nluResult, state) => {
            const product = nluResult.entities.find(e => e.type === 'product');
            
            if (product) {
                const productInfo = await getProductInfo(product.value);
                return {
                    text: `Here's information about ${product.value}: ${productInfo.description}`,
                    quickReplies: [
                        { title: 'Pricing', payload: 'PRICING' },
                        { title: 'Availability', payload: 'AVAILABILITY' },
                        { title: 'Speak to Agent', payload: 'AGENT' }
                    ],
                    nextStep: 'product_details'
                };
            }
            
            return {
                text: "Which product are you interested in?",
                nextStep: 'ask_product'
            };
        }
    },
    {
        intent: 'pricing',
        step: 'product_details',
        handler: async (nluResult, state) => {
            const product = state.context.product;
            const pricing = await getPricing(product);
            
            return {
                text: `The price for ${product} is ${pricing}. Would you like to be contacted by our sales team?`,
                quickReplies: [
                    { title: 'Yes, contact me', payload: 'CONTACT_ME' },
                    { title: 'No thanks', payload: 'NO_THANKS' }
                ],
                nextStep: 'pricing_response'
            };
        }
    }
];

// Platform Integration Example
class FacebookMessengerIntegration {
    constructor(pageAccessToken) {
        this.pageAccessToken = pageAccessToken;
        this.apiVersion = 'v17.0';
        this.baseUrl = `https://graph.facebook.com/${this.apiVersion}`;
    }
    
    async sendMessage(recipientId, message) {
        const url = `${this.baseUrl}/me/messages`;
        
        const payload = {
            recipient: { id: recipientId },
            message: this.formatMessage(message)
        };
        
        const response = await fetch(url, {
            method: 'POST',
            headers: {
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                'Authorization': `Bearer ${this.pageAccessToken}`
            },
            body: JSON.stringify(payload)
        });
        
        return response.json();
    }
    
    formatMessage(message) {
        if (message.quickReplies) {
            return {
                text: message.text,
                quick_replies: message.quickReplies.map(qr => ({
                    content_type: 'text',
                    title: qr.title,
                    payload: qr.payload
                }))
            };
        }
        
        return { text: message.text };
    }
    
    async setupWebhook(verifyToken, webhookUrl) {
        // Implement webhook setup for receiving messages
        const appId = process.env.FACEBOOK_APP_ID;
        const url = `${this.baseUrl}/${appId}/subscriptions`;
        
        const payload = {
            object: 'page',
            callback_url: webhookUrl,
            verify_token: verifyToken,
            fields: ['messages', 'messaging_postbacks'],
            access_token: this.pageAccessToken
        };
        
        await fetch(url, {
            method: 'POST',
            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
            body: JSON.stringify(payload)
        });
    }
}

Social listening automation monitors brand mentions, industry conversations, competitor activity, and sentiment trends in real-time. Automated alerts and reporting enable proactive engagement and rapid response to opportunities or crises.

Configure monitoring for: Brand mentions (including common misspellings and abbreviations), competitor mentions, industry keywords and hashtags, product or service keywords, and sentiment indicators. Use Boolean operators and advanced search syntax to filter noise and focus on relevant conversations. Implement location and language filters for global brands.

Set up automated alerts for: High-priority mentions (influencers, media, crisis indicators), sentiment shifts (sudden increase in negative mentions), competitor announcements, trending topics in your industry, and keyword volume spikes. Create automated reports: Daily mention summary, weekly sentiment analysis, competitor comparison reports, and trend identification. Integrate listening data with your CRM to enrich customer profiles and with your customer service system to track issue resolution. This automation supports both your competitor analysis and crisis management strategies.

Automated reporting transforms raw data into scheduled insights, freeing analysts from manual report generation. This includes data collection, transformation, visualization, and distribution—all on a predefined schedule.

Design report templates for different stakeholders: Executive summary (high-level KPIs, trends), campaign performance (detailed metrics, ROI), platform comparison (cross-channel insights), and competitive analysis (benchmarks, share of voice). Automate data collection from all sources: Social platform APIs, web analytics, CRM, advertising platforms. Use ETL processes to clean, transform, and standardize data.

Schedule report generation: Daily performance snapshots, weekly campaign reviews, monthly strategic reports, quarterly business reviews. Implement conditional formatting and alerts for anomalies (performance drops, budget overruns). Automate distribution via email, Slack, or internal portals. Include interactive elements where possible (drill-down capabilities, filter controls). Document your reporting automation architecture for maintenance and troubleshooting. This automation ensures stakeholders receive timely, accurate insights without manual effort.

Reporting Automation Implementation

// Reporting Automation System
class ReportAutomationSystem {
    constructor(dataSources, templates, schedulers) {
        this.dataSources = dataSources;
        this.templates = templates;
        this.schedulers = schedulers;
        this.reportCache = new Map();
    }
    
    async initialize() {
        // Set up scheduled report generation
        for (const scheduler of this.schedulers) {
            await this.setupScheduler(scheduler);
        }
    }
    
    async setupScheduler(schedulerConfig) {
        const { frequency, reportType, recipients, deliveryMethod } = schedulerConfig;
        
        switch (frequency) {
            case 'daily':
                cron.schedule('0 6 * * *', () => this.generateReport(reportType, recipients, deliveryMethod));
                break;
            case 'weekly':
                cron.schedule('0 9 * * 1', () => this.generateReport(reportType, recipients, deliveryMethod));
                break;
            case 'monthly':
                cron.schedule('0 10 1 * *', () => this.generateReport(reportType, recipients, deliveryMethod));
                break;
            default:
                console.warn(`Unsupported frequency: ${frequency}`);
        }
    }
    
    async generateReport(reportType, recipients, deliveryMethod) {
        try {
            console.log(`Generating ${reportType} report...`);
            
            // Get report template
            const template = this.templates[reportType];
            if (!template) {
                throw new Error(`Template not found for report type: ${reportType}`);
            }
            
            // Collect data from all sources
            const reportData = await this.collectReportData(template.dataRequirements);
            
            // Apply transformations
            const transformedData = this.transformData(reportData, template.transformations);
            
            // Generate visualizations
            const visualizations = await this.createVisualizations(transformedData, template.visualizations);
            
            // Compile report
            const report = await this.compileReport(template, transformedData, visualizations);
            
            // Deliver report
            await this.deliverReport(report, recipients, deliveryMethod);
            
            // Cache report
            this.cacheReport(reportType, report);
            
            console.log(`Successfully generated and delivered ${reportType} report`);
            
        } catch (error) {
            console.error(`Failed to generate report: ${error.message}`);
            await this.sendErrorNotification(error, recipients);
        }
    }
    
    async collectReportData(dataRequirements) {
        const data = {};
        
        for (const requirement of dataRequirements) {
            const { source, metrics, dimensions, timeframe } = requirement;
            
            const dataSource = this.dataSources[source];
            if (!dataSource) {
                throw new Error(`Data source not found: ${source}`);
            }
            
            data[source] = await dataSource.fetchData({
                metrics,
                dimensions,
                timeframe
            });
        }
        
        return data;
    }
    
    async createVisualizations(data, visualizationConfigs) {
        const visualizations = {};
        
        for (const config of visualizationConfigs) {
            const { type, dataSource, options } = config;
            
            const vizData = data[dataSource];
            if (!vizData) {
                console.warn(`Data source not found for visualization: ${dataSource}`);
                continue;
            }
            
            switch (type) {
                case 'line_chart':
                    visualizations[config.id] = await this.createLineChart(vizData, options);
                    break;
                case 'bar_chart':
                    visualizations[config.id] = await this.createBarChart(vizData, options);
                    break;
                case 'kpi_card':
                    visualizations[config.id] = await this.createKPICard(vizData, options);
                    break;
                case 'data_table':
                    visualizations[config.id] = await this.createDataTable(vizData, options);
                    break;
                default:
                    console.warn(`Unsupported visualization type: ${type}`);
            }
        }
        
        return visualizations;
    }
    
    async compileReport(template, data, visualizations) {
        const report = {
            id: generateUUID(),
            type: template.type,
            generatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
            timeframe: template.timeframe,
            summary: this.generateSummary(data, template.summaryRules),
            sections: []
        };
        
        for (const section of template.sections) {
            const sectionData = {
                title: section.title,
                content: section.contentType === 'text' 
                    ? this.generateTextContent(data, section.contentRules)
                    : visualizations[section.visualizationId],
                insights: this.generateInsights(data, section.insightRules)
            };
            
            report.sections.push(sectionData);
        }
        
        return report;
    }
    
    async deliverReport(report, recipients, method) {
        switch (method) {
            case 'email':
                await this.sendEmailReport(report, recipients);
                break;
            case 'slack':
                await this.sendSlackReport(report, recipients);
                break;
            case 'portal':
                await this.uploadToPortal(report, recipients);
                break;
            case 'pdf':
                await this.sendPDFReport(report, recipients);
                break;
            default:
                console.warn(`Unsupported delivery method: ${method}`);
        }
    }
    
    async sendEmailReport(report, recipients) {
        const emailContent = this.formatEmailContent(report);
        
        const emailPayload = {
            to: recipients,
            subject: `${report.type} Report - ${formatDate(report.generatedAt)}`,
            html: emailContent,
            attachments: [
                {
                    filename: `report_${report.id}.pdf`,
                    content: await this.generatePDF(report)
                }
            ]
        };
        
        await emailService.send(emailPayload);
    }
    
    async sendSlackReport(report, channelIds) {
        const blocks = this.formatSlackBlocks(report);
        
        for (const channelId of channelIds) {
            await slackClient.chat.postMessage({
                channel: channelId,
                blocks: blocks,
                text: `${report.type} Report for ${formatDate(report.generatedAt)}`
            });
        }
    }
}

// Example Report Templates
const reportTemplates = {
    executive_summary: {
        type: 'executive_summary',
        timeframe: 'last_7_days',
        dataRequirements: [
            {
                source: 'social_platforms',
                metrics: ['impressions', 'engagements', 'conversions'],
                dimensions: ['platform', 'campaign'],
                timeframe: 'last_7_days'
            },
            {
                source: 'web_analytics',
                metrics: ['sessions', 'goal_completions', 'conversion_rate'],
                dimensions: ['source_medium'],
                timeframe: 'last_7_days'
            }
        ],
        sections: [
            {
                title: 'Performance Overview',
                contentType: 'visualization',
                visualizationId: 'kpi_overview',
                insightRules: [
                    {
                        condition: 'conversions_growth > 0.1',
                        message: 'Conversions showed strong growth this period'
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                title: 'Platform Performance',
                contentType: 'visualization',
                visualizationId: 'platform_comparison',
                insightRules: [
                    {
                        condition: 'linkedin_engagement_rate > 0.05',
                        message: 'LinkedIn continues to deliver high engagement rates'
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
};

// Data Source Implementation
class SocialPlatformDataSource {
    constructor(apiClients) {
        this.apiClients = apiClients;
    }
    
    async fetchData(options) {
        const { metrics, dimensions, timeframe } = options;
        
        const data = {};
        for (const [platform, client] of Object.entries(this.apiClients)) {
            try {
                const platformData = await client.getAnalytics({
                    metrics,
                    dimensions,
                    timeframe
                });
                data[platform] = platformData;
            } catch (error) {
                console.error(`Failed to fetch data from ${platform}:`, error);
                data[platform] = null;
            }
        }
        
        return data;
    }
}

Content creation automation uses templates, dynamic variables, and AI-assisted tools to produce consistent, on-brand content at scale. This includes graphic templates, copy templates, video templates, and content optimization tools.

Create template systems for: Social media graphics (Canva templates with brand colors, fonts, and layouts), video templates (After Effects or Premiere Pro templates for consistent intros/outros), copy templates (headline formulas, caption structures, hashtag groups), and content briefs (structured templates for different content types). Implement dynamic variable replacement for personalized content.

Integrate AI tools for: Headline generation, copy optimization, image selection, hashtag suggestions, and content ideation. Use APIs to connect design tools with your content management system. Implement version control for templates to track changes and ensure consistency. Create approval workflows for new template creation and updates. This automation accelerates content production while maintaining brand consistency across all outputs.

Content Template System Implementation

// Content Template System
class ContentTemplateSystem {
    constructor(templates, variables, validators) {
        this.templates = templates;
        this.variables = variables;
        this.validators = validators;
        this.renderCache = new Map();
    }
    
    async renderTemplate(templateId, context, options = {}) {
        // Check cache first
        const cacheKey = this.generateCacheKey(templateId, context, options);
        if (this.renderCache.has(cacheKey) && !options.forceRefresh) {
            return this.renderCache.get(cacheKey);
        }
        
        // Get template
        const template = this.templates[templateId];
        if (!template) {
            throw new Error(`Template not found: ${templateId}`);
        }
        
        // Validate context
        await this.validateContext(context, template.requirements);
        
        // Resolve variables
        const resolvedVariables = await this.resolveVariables(context, template.variables);
        
        // Apply template
        let content;
        switch (template.type) {
            case 'graphic':
                content = await this.renderGraphic(template, resolvedVariables, options);
                break;
            case 'copy':
                content = await this.renderCopy(template, resolvedVariables, options);
                break;
            case 'video':
                content = await this.renderVideo(template, resolvedVariables, options);
                break;
            default:
                throw new Error(`Unsupported template type: ${template.type}`);
        }
        
        // Apply post-processing
        const processedContent = await this.postProcess(content, template.postProcessing);
        
        // Cache result
        this.renderCache.set(cacheKey, processedContent);
        
        return processedContent;
    }
    
    async renderGraphic(template, variables, options) {
        const { designTool, templateUrl, layers } = template;
        
        switch (designTool) {
            case 'canva':
                return await this.renderCanvaTemplate(templateUrl, variables, layers, options);
            case 'figma':
                return await this.renderFigmaTemplate(templateUrl, variables, layers, options);
            case 'custom':
                return await this.renderCustomGraphic(template, variables, options);
            default:
                throw new Error(`Unsupported design tool: ${designTool}`);
        }
    }
    
    async renderCanvaTemplate(templateUrl, variables, layers, options) {
        // Use Canva API to render template
        const canvaApi = new CanvaAPI(process.env.CANVA_API_KEY);
        
        const designData = {
            template_url: templateUrl,
            modifications: layers.map(layer => ({
                page_number: layer.page || 1,
                layer_name: layer.name,
                text: variables[layer.variable] || layer.default,
                color: layer.color ? this.resolveColor(variables[layer.colorVariable]) : undefined,
                image_url: layer.imageVariable ? variables[layer.imageVariable] : undefined
            }))
        };
        
        const design = await canvaApi.createDesign(designData);
        const exportOptions = {
            format: options.format || 'png',
            scale: options.scale || 1,
            quality: options.quality || 'high'
        };
        
        return await canvaApi.exportDesign(design.id, exportOptions);
    }
    
    async renderCopy(template, variables, options) {
        let copy = template.structure;
        
        // Replace variables
        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(variables)) {
            const placeholder = `}`;
            copy = copy.replace(new RegExp(placeholder, 'g'), value);
        }
        
        // Apply transformations
        if (template.transformations) {
            for (const transformation of template.transformations) {
                copy = this.applyTransformation(copy, transformation);
            }
        }
        
        // Optimize if requested
        if (options.optimize) {
            copy = await this.optimizeCopy(copy, template.platform, template.objective);
        }
        
        return copy;
    }
    
    async optimizeCopy(copy, platform, objective) {
        // Use AI to optimize copy
        const optimizationPrompt = `
        Optimize this social media copy for ${platform} with the objective of ${objective}:
        
        Original copy: ${copy}
        
        Please provide:
        1. An optimized version
        2. 3 alternative headlines
        3. Suggested hashtags
        4. Emoji recommendations (if appropriate)
        `;
        
        const aiResponse = await aiService.complete(optimizationPrompt);
        return this.parseAIResponse(aiResponse);
    }
    
    async resolveVariables(context, variableDefinitions) {
        const resolved = {};
        
        for (const [key, definition] of Object.entries(variableDefinitions)) {
            if (definition.type === 'static') {
                resolved[key] = definition.value;
            } else if (definition.type === 'context') {
                resolved[key] = context[definition.path];
            } else if (definition.type === 'dynamic') {
                resolved[key] = await this.generateDynamicValue(definition.generator, context);
            } else if (definition.type === 'ai_generated') {
                resolved[key] = await this.generateWithAI(definition.prompt, context);
            }
        }
        
        return resolved;
    }
    
    async generateDynamicValue(generator, context) {
        switch (generator.type) {
            case 'counter':
                return await this.getNextCounterValue(generator.name);
            case 'date':
                return this.formatDate(new Date(), generator.format);
            case 'random':
                return this.getRandomElement(generator.options);
            case 'calculation':
                return this.calculateValue(generator.formula, context);
            default:
                return '';
        }
    }
}

// Example Template Definitions
const contentTemplates = {
    linkedin_carousel: {
        id: 'linkedin_carousel',
        type: 'graphic',
        designTool: 'canva',
        templateUrl: 'https://canva.com/templates/ABC123',
        platform: 'linkedin',
        objective: 'lead_generation',
        requirements: ['headline', 'key_points', 'cta', 'logo'],
        variables: {
            headline: {
                type: 'context',
                path: 'content.headline',
                validation: 'max_length:60'
            },
            key_points: {
                type: 'dynamic',
                generator: {
                    type: 'list_formatter',
                    itemsPath: 'content.key_points',
                    maxItems: 5
                }
            },
            cta: {
                type: 'static',
                value: 'Learn More →'
            },
            logo: {
                type: 'static',
                value: 'https://company.com/logo.png'
            },
            slide_count: {
                type: 'calculation',
                formula: 'ceil(length(key_points) / 2)'
            }
        },
        layers: [
            {
                page: 'all',
                name: 'Background',
                type: 'color',
                colorVariable: 'brand_primary'
            },
            {
                page: 1,
                name: 'Headline',
                type: 'text',
                variable: 'headline',
                font: 'Brand Font Bold',
                size: 32
            },
            {
                page: '*',
                name: 'Key Point {index}',
                type: 'text',
                variable: 'key_points[{index}]',
                font: 'Brand Font Regular',
                size: 18
            }
        ],
        postProcessing: [
            {
                type: 'quality_check',
                checks: ['text_readability', 'brand_colors', 'logo_placement']
            },
            {
                type: 'optimization',
                platform: 'linkedin',
                format: 'carousel'
            }
        ]
    },
    
    instagram_caption: {
        id: 'instagram_caption',
        type: 'copy',
        platform: 'instagram',
        objective: 'engagement',
        structure: `





`,
        variables: {
            headline: {
                type: 'ai_generated',
                prompt: 'Generate an engaging Instagram headline about '
            },
            body: {
                type: 'context',
                path: 'content.body',
                validation: 'max_length:2200'
            },
            hashtags: {
                type: 'dynamic',
                generator: {
                    type: 'hashtag_generator',
                    topicPath: 'content.topic',
                    count: 15
                }
            },
            cta: {
                type: 'static',
                value: 'Double-tap if you agree! 💬'
            }
        },
        transformations: [
            {
                type: 'emoji_optimization',
                density: 'medium',
                position: 'beginning_and_end'
            },
            {
                type: 'line_breaks',
                max_line_length: 50
            }
        ]
    }
};

// AI Integration for Content Generation
class AIContentAssistant {
    constructor(apiKey, model = 'gpt-4') {
        this.apiKey = apiKey;
        this.model = model;
    }
    
    async generateContent(prompt, options = {}) {
        const completionOptions = {
            model: this.model,
            messages: [
                {
                    role: 'system',
                    content: 'You are a social media content expert. Generate engaging, platform-appropriate content.'
                },
                {
                    role: 'user',
                    content: prompt
                }
            ],
            temperature: options.temperature || 0.7,
            max_tokens: options.max_tokens || 500
        };
        
        const response = await openai.chat.completions.create(completionOptions);
        return response.choices[0].message.content;
    }
    
    async optimizeExisting(content, platform, objective) {
        const prompt = `
        Optimize this content for ${platform} with the objective of ${objective}:
        
        Content: ${content}
        
        Provide the optimized version with explanations of key changes.
        `;
        
        return this.generateContent(prompt, { temperature: 0.5 });
    }
    
    async generateVariations(content, count = 3) {
        const prompt = `
        Generate ${count} variations of this social media content:
        
        Original: ${content}
        
        Each variation should have a different angle or approach but maintain the core message.
        `;
        
        return this.generateContent(prompt, { temperature: 0.8 });
    }
}

Workflow orchestration connects different automation components into cohesive processes. This involves coordinating content creation, approval, scheduling, publishing, engagement, and analysis through automated workflows.

Design workflows for common processes: Content publishing workflow (creation → review → approval → scheduling → publishing → performance tracking), campaign launch workflow (brief → asset creation → approval → audience selection → launch → optimization), crisis response workflow (detection → assessment → response approval → messaging → monitoring), and reporting workflow (data collection → transformation → analysis → visualization → distribution).

Use workflow orchestration tools like Zapier, Make (Integromat), n8n, or custom solutions with Apache Airflow. Implement error handling and retry logic for failed steps. Create workflow monitoring dashboards to track process health. Document all workflows with diagrams and step-by-step instructions. This orchestration ensures your automation components work together seamlessly rather than as isolated systems.

Workflow Orchestration Implementation

// Workflow Orchestration System
class WorkflowOrchestrator {
    constructor(workflows, taskRunners, monitors) {
        this.workflows = workflows;
        this.taskRunners = taskRunners;
        this.monitors = monitors;
        this.executions = new Map();
    }
    
    async triggerWorkflow(workflowId, input, context = {}) {
        const workflow = this.workflows[workflowId];
        if (!workflow) {
            throw new Error(`Workflow not found: ${workflowId}`);
        }
        
        const executionId = generateUUID();
        const execution = {
            id: executionId,
            workflowId,
            status: 'running',
            startTime: new Date(),
            input,
            context,
            steps: [],
            errors: []
        };
        
        this.executions.set(executionId, execution);
        
        try {
            // Start monitoring
            this.monitors.workflowStarted(execution);
            
            // Execute workflow
            const result = await this.executeWorkflow(workflow, input, context, execution);
            
            execution.status = 'completed';
            execution.endTime = new Date();
            execution.result = result;
            
            this.monitors.workflowCompleted(execution);
            
            return result;
            
        } catch (error) {
            execution.status = 'failed';
            execution.endTime = new Date();
            execution.errors.push({
                step: 'workflow_execution',
                error: error.message,
                timestamp: new Date()
            });
            
            this.monitors.workflowFailed(execution, error);
            
            // Trigger error handling workflow if defined
            if (workflow.errorHandling) {
                await this.triggerErrorHandling(workflow.errorHandling, execution, error);
            }
            
            throw error;
        }
    }
    
    async executeWorkflow(workflow, input, context, execution) {
        let currentState = { ...input, ...context };
        
        for (const [index, step] of workflow.steps.entries()) {
            const stepExecution = {
                stepId: step.id,
                stepName: step.name,
                startTime: new Date(),
                status: 'running'
            };
            
            execution.steps.push(stepExecution);
            
            try {
                this.monitors.stepStarted(execution.id, stepExecution);
                
                // Execute step
                const result = await this.executeStep(step, currentState, execution);
                
                stepExecution.status = 'completed';
                stepExecution.endTime = new Date();
                stepExecution.result = result;
                
                // Update state
                currentState = { ...currentState, ...result };
                
                this.monitors.stepCompleted(execution.id, stepExecution);
                
                // Check conditions for next steps
                if (step.conditions) {
                    const nextStep = this.evaluateConditions(step.conditions, currentState);
                    if (nextStep === 'skip_remaining') {
                        break;
                    } else if (nextStep === 'jump_to') {
                        // Find the step to jump to
                        const jumpStepIndex = workflow.steps.findIndex(s => s.id === nextStep.target);
                        if (jumpStepIndex > -1) {
                            // Adjust loop to continue from jump point
                            // Note: This implementation would need to handle potential infinite loops
                        }
                    }
                }
                
            } catch (error) {
                stepExecution.status = 'failed';
                stepExecution.endTime = new Date();
                stepExecution.error = error.message;
                
                this.monitors.stepFailed(execution.id, stepExecution, error);
                
                // Handle step failure based on workflow configuration
                if (step.onFailure === 'continue') {
                    continue;
                } else if (step.onFailure === 'retry') {
                    const maxRetries = step.retryConfig?.maxRetries || 3;
                    let retryCount = 0;
                    
                    while (retryCount < maxRetries) {
                        retryCount++;
                        try {
                            await this.delay(step.retryConfig?.delay || 1000);
                            const retryResult = await this.executeStep(step, currentState, execution);
                            
                            stepExecution.status = 'completed_after_retry';
                            stepExecution.endTime = new Date();
                            stepExecution.result = retryResult;
                            stepExecution.retryCount = retryCount;
                            
                            currentState = { ...currentState, ...retryResult };
                            break;
                            
                        } catch (retryError) {
                            if (retryCount === maxRetries) {
                                throw new Error(`Step failed after ${maxRetries} retries: ${retryError.message}`);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else if (step.onFailure === 'fail_workflow') {
                    throw error;
                } else {
                    // Default: fail workflow
                    throw error;
                }
            }
        }
        
        return currentState;
    }
    
    async executeStep(step, state, execution) {
        const taskRunner = this.taskRunners[step.runner];
        if (!taskRunner) {
            throw new Error(`Task runner not found: ${step.runner}`);
        }
        
        // Prepare step input
        const stepInput = this.prepareStepInput(step.input, state);
        
        // Execute task
        return await taskRunner.execute(step.task, stepInput, {
            executionId: execution.id,
            stepId: step.id
        });
    }
    
    prepareStepInput(inputConfig, state) {
        if (typeof inputConfig === 'function') {
            return inputConfig(state);
        }
        
        if (Array.isArray(inputConfig)) {
            return inputConfig.map(item => this.prepareStepInput(item, state));
        }
        
        if (typeof inputConfig === 'object' && inputConfig !== null) {
            const result = {};
            for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(inputConfig)) {
                if (typeof value === 'string' && value.startsWith('$.')) {
                    // Extract value from state using path
                    const path = value.substring(2);
                    result[key] = this.getValueByPath(state, path);
                } else {
                    result[key] = this.prepareStepInput(value, state);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        
        return inputConfig;
    }
}

// Example Workflow Definitions
const socialMediaWorkflows = {
    content_publishing: {
        id: 'content_publishing',
        name: 'Content Publishing Workflow',
        description: 'Automated workflow for content creation, approval, and publishing',
        version: '1.0',
        steps: [
            {
                id: 'content_creation',
                name: 'Create Content',
                runner: 'content_system',
                task: 'create_content',
                input: {
                    type: '$.content_type',
                    topic: '$.topic',
                    platform: '$.platform'
                },
                onFailure: 'retry',
                retryConfig: {
                    maxRetries: 2,
                    delay: 5000
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'quality_check',
                name: 'Quality Assurance',
                runner: 'ai_assistant',
                task: 'quality_check',
                input: {
                    content: '$.content_creation.result.content',
                    platform: '$.platform',
                    brandGuidelines: '$.brand_guidelines'
                },
                conditions: [
                    {
                        condition: '$.content_creation.result.requires_approval === false',
                        action: 'skip_remaining'
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                id: 'approval',
                name: 'Approval Request',
                runner: 'approval_system',
                task: 'request_approval',
                input: {
                    content: '$.content_creation.result.content',
                    approvers: '$.approvers',
                    metadata: {
                        platform: '$.platform',
                        campaign: '$.campaign'
                    }
                },
                onFailure: 'continue'
            },
            {
                id: 'schedule',
                name: 'Schedule Post',
                runner: 'scheduling_system',
                task: 'schedule_post',
                input: {
                    content: '$.content_creation.result.content',
                    platform: '$.platform',
                    optimalTime: {
                        $function: 'calculate_optimal_time',
                        platform: '$.platform',
                        contentType: '$.content_type'
                    }
                },
                conditions: [
                    {
                        condition: '$.approval.result.status !== "approved"',
                        action: 'skip_remaining'
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                id: 'publish',
                name: 'Publish Content',
                runner: 'publishing_system',
                task: 'publish_content',
                input: {
                    scheduledPostId: '$.schedule.result.post_id'
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'track_performance',
                name: 'Track Performance',
                runner: 'analytics_system',
                task: 'setup_tracking',
                input: {
                    postId: '$.publish.result.post_id',
                    platform: '$.platform',
                    campaign: '$.campaign'
                }
            }
        ],
        errorHandling: {
            workflow: 'content_publishing_error',
            triggerOn: ['failed', 'timed_out']
        }
    },
    
    campaign_launch: {
        id: 'campaign_launch',
        name: 'Campaign Launch Workflow',
        description: 'End-to-end campaign launch automation',
        steps: [
            {
                id: 'asset_creation',
                name: 'Create Campaign Assets',
                runner: 'content_system',
                task: 'create_campaign_assets',
                input: {
                    campaignBrief: '$.campaign_brief',
                    assets: '$.required_assets'
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'audience_segmentation',
                name: 'Segment Audience',
                runner: 'audience_system',
                task: 'segment_audience',
                input: {
                    campaignObjectives: '$.campaign_brief.objectives',
                    historicalData: '$.historical_performance'
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'ad_setup',
                name: 'Setup Advertising',
                runner: 'ad_system',
                task: 'setup_campaign',
                input: {
                    assets: '$.asset_creation.result.assets',
                    audiences: '$.audience_segmentation.result.segments',
                    budget: '$.campaign_brief.budget',
                    objectives: '$.campaign_brief.objectives'
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'content_calendar',
                name: 'Populate Content Calendar',
                runner: 'scheduling_system',
                task: 'schedule_campaign_content',
                input: {
                    content: '$.asset_creation.result.content',
                    timeline: '$.campaign_brief.timeline'
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'team_notification',
                name: 'Notify Team',
                runner: 'notification_system',
                task: 'notify_team',
                input: {
                    campaign: '$.campaign_brief.name',
                    launchDate: '$.campaign_brief.launch_date',
                    team: '$.campaign_team'
                }
            },
            {
                id: 'monitoring_setup',
                name: 'Setup Monitoring',
                runner: 'monitoring_system',
                task: 'setup_campaign_monitoring',
                input: {
                    campaignId: '$.ad_setup.result.campaign_id',
                    keywords: '$.campaign_brief.keywords',
                    competitors: '$.campaign_brief.competitors'
                }
            }
        ]
    }
};

// Task Runner Implementation
class ContentSystemTaskRunner {
    constructor(contentSystem, templateSystem) {
        this.contentSystem = contentSystem;
        this.templateSystem = templateSystem;
    }
    
    async execute(task, input, context) {
        switch (task) {
            case 'create_content':
                return await this.createContent(input, context);
            case 'create_campaign_assets':
                return await this.createCampaignAssets(input, context);
            default:
                throw new Error(`Unknown task: ${task}`);
        }
    }
    
    async createContent(input, context) {
        const { type, topic, platform } = input;
        
        // Select template based on type and platform
        const templateId = `${platform}_${type}`;
        
        // Generate content using template
        const content = await this.templateSystem.renderTemplate(templateId, {
            topic,
            platform,
            type
        });
        
        return {
            content,
            contentType: type,
            platform,
            requires_approval: type === 'campaign' || type === 'high_priority'
        };
    }
    
    async createCampaignAssets(input, context) {
        const { campaignBrief, assets } = input;
        
        const createdAssets = {};
        
        for (const asset of assets) {
            const { type, specifications } = asset;
            
            const assetContent = await this.templateSystem.renderTemplate(
                `campaign_${type}`,
                {
                    campaign: campaignBrief,
                    specifications
                }
            );
            
            createdAssets[type] = assetContent;
        }
        
        return {
            assets: createdAssets,
            campaignName: campaignBrief.name
        };
    }
}

// Workflow Monitoring
class WorkflowMonitor {
    constructor(alertSystem, dashboardSystem) {
        this.alertSystem = alertSystem;
        this.dashboardSystem = dashboardSystem;
    }
    
    workflowStarted(execution) {
        this.dashboardSystem.updateExecution(execution);
        
        console.log(`Workflow ${execution.workflowId} started: ${execution.id}`);
    }
    
    workflowCompleted(execution) {
        this.dashboardSystem.updateExecution(execution);
        
        console.log(`Workflow ${execution.workflowId} completed: ${execution.id}`);
        
        // Send completion notification
        this.alertSystem.sendNotification({
            type: 'workflow_completed',
            workflowId: execution.workflowId,
            executionId: execution.id,
            duration: execution.endTime - execution.startTime,
            status: 'success'
        });
    }
    
    workflowFailed(execution, error) {
        this.dashboardSystem.updateExecution(execution);
        
        console.error(`Workflow ${execution.workflowId} failed: ${execution.id}`, error);
        
        // Send failure alert
        this.alertSystem.sendAlert({
            type: 'workflow_failed',
            workflowId: execution.workflowId,
            executionId: execution.id,
            error: error.message,
            steps: execution.steps
        });
    }
    
    stepStarted(executionId, step) {
        this.dashboardSystem.updateStep(executionId, step);
    }
    
    stepCompleted(executionId, step) {
        this.dashboardSystem.updateStep(executionId, step);
    }
    
    stepFailed(executionId, step, error) {
        this.dashboardSystem.updateStep(executionId, step);
        
        // Log step failure
        console.warn(`Step ${step.stepName} failed in execution ${executionId}:`, error);
    }
}

Automation without governance leads to errors, inconsistencies, and security risks. Implementing governance ensures automation remains reliable, secure, and aligned with business objectives. This includes change management, quality assurance, security controls, and performance monitoring.

Establish an automation governance framework: 1) Change management: Version control for automation scripts, change approval processes, rollback procedures, 2) Quality assurance: Testing procedures for new automations, monitoring for automation errors, regular quality audits, 3) Security controls: Access controls for automation systems, audit logs for all automated actions, secure credential management, 4) Performance monitoring: Tracking automation efficiency, error rates, resource usage, and business impact.

Create an automation registry documenting all automated processes: Purpose, owner, schedule, dependencies, error handling, and performance metrics. Implement monitoring and alerting for automation failures. Conduct regular reviews of automation effectiveness and business alignment. Train team members on automation governance policies. This structured approach ensures your automation investments deliver consistent value while minimizing risks. For comprehensive quality frameworks, integrate with your overall data quality and governance strategy.

Automation Governance Framework Implementation

// Automation Governance System
class AutomationGovernanceSystem {
    constructor(registry, policyEngine, auditLogger) {
        this.registry = registry;
        this.policyEngine = policyEngine;
        this.auditLogger = auditLogger;
        this.monitors = [];
    }
    
    async registerAutomation(automation, metadata) {
        // Validate automation against policies
        const validationResult = await this.policyEngine.validate(automation, metadata);
        
        if (!validationResult.valid) {
            throw new Error(`Automation validation failed: ${validationResult.errors.join(', ')}`);
        }
        
        // Generate unique ID
        const automationId = generateUUID();
        
        // Create registry entry
        const entry = {
            id: automationId,
            name: automation.name,
            type: automation.type,
            owner: metadata.owner,
            created: new Date().toISOString(),
            version: '1.0',
            configuration: automation.config,
            dependencies: automation.dependencies || [],
            policies: validationResult.appliedPolicies,
            status: 'registered'
        };
        
        // Store in registry
        await this.registry.create(entry);
        
        // Log registration
        await this.auditLogger.log({
            action: 'automation_registered',
            automationId,
            metadata,
            timestamp: new Date(),
            user: metadata.submittedBy
        });
        
        return automationId;
    }
    
    async executeAutomation(automationId, input, context) {
        // Check if automation is approved
        const automation = await this.registry.get(automationId);
        
        if (!automation) {
            throw new Error(`Automation not found: ${automationId}`);
        }
        
        if (automation.status !== 'approved') {
            throw new Error(`Automation ${automationId} is not approved for execution`);
        }
        
        // Check execution policies
        const executionCheck = await this.policyEngine.checkExecution(automation, input, context);
        
        if (!executionCheck.allowed) {
            await this.auditLogger.log({
                action: 'execution_denied',
                automationId,
                reason: executionCheck.reason,
                input,
                context,
                timestamp: new Date(),
                user: context.user
            });
            
            throw new Error(`Execution denied: ${executionCheck.reason}`);
        }
        
        // Log execution start
        const executionId = generateUUID();
        
        await this.auditLogger.log({
            action: 'execution_started',
            automationId,
            executionId,
            input,
            context,
            timestamp: new Date(),
            user: context.user
        });
        
        try {
            // Execute automation
            const startTime = Date.now();
            const result = await this.runAutomation(automation, input, context);
            const endTime = Date.now();
            
            // Log successful execution
            await this.auditLogger.log({
                action: 'execution_completed',
                automationId,
                executionId,
                duration: endTime - startTime,
                result: this.sanitizeResult(result),
                timestamp: new Date(),
                user: context.user
            });
            
            // Update performance metrics
            await this.updatePerformanceMetrics(automationId, {
                executionTime: endTime - startTime,
                success: true,
                timestamp: new Date()
            });
            
            return result;
            
        } catch (error) {
            // Log failed execution
            await this.auditLogger.log({
                action: 'execution_failed',
                automationId,
                executionId,
                error: error.message,
                timestamp: new Date(),
                user: context.user
            });
            
            // Update performance metrics
            await this.updatePerformanceMetrics(automationId, {
                success: false,
                error: error.message,
                timestamp: new Date()
            });
            
            // Handle error based on automation configuration
            if (automation.errorHandling) {
                await this.handleAutomationError(automation, error, input, context);
            }
            
            throw error;
        }
    }
    
    async updateAutomation(automationId, updates, metadata) {
        // Get current automation
        const current = await this.registry.get(automationId);
        
        if (!current) {
            throw new Error(`Automation not found: ${automationId}`);
        }
        
        // Check update permissions
        const canUpdate = await this.policyEngine.checkUpdatePermission(current, updates, metadata);
        
        if (!canUpdate) {
            throw new Error('Update permission denied');
        }
        
        // Create new version
        const newVersion = {
            ...current,
            ...updates,
            version: this.incrementVersion(current.version),
            updated: new Date().toISOString(),
            updatedBy: metadata.user,
            previousVersion: current.version
        };
        
        // Validate updated automation
        const validationResult = await this.policyEngine.validate(newVersion, {
            ...metadata,
            isUpdate: true
        });
        
        if (!validationResult.valid) {
            throw new Error(`Update validation failed: ${validationResult.errors.join(', ')}`);
        }
        
        // Store update
        await this.registry.update(automationId, newVersion);
        
        // Log update
        await this.auditLogger.log({
            action: 'automation_updated',
            automationId,
            fromVersion: current.version,
            toVersion: newVersion.version,
            changes: updates,
            timestamp: new Date(),
            user: metadata.user
        });
        
        return newVersion.version;
    }
    
    async monitorAutomations() {
        for (const monitor of this.monitors) {
            try {
                await monitor.check();
            } catch (error) {
                console.error(`Monitor ${monitor.name} failed:`, error);
            }
        }
    }
}

// Policy Engine Implementation
class PolicyEngine {
    constructor(policies) {
        this.policies = policies;
    }
    
    async validate(automation, metadata) {
        const errors = [];
        const appliedPolicies = [];
        
        for (const policy of this.policies) {
            if (policy.appliesTo(automation, metadata)) {
                const result = await policy.validate(automation, metadata);
                
                if (!result.valid) {
                    errors.push(...result.errors);
                }
                
                appliedPolicies.push({
                    name: policy.name,
                    result: result.valid ? 'passed' : 'failed'
                });
            }
        }
        
        return {
            valid: errors.length === 0,
            errors,
            appliedPolicies
        };
    }
    
    async checkExecution(automation, input, context) {
        for (const policy of this.policies) {
            if (policy.appliesToExecution(automation, input, context)) {
                const result = await policy.checkExecution(automation, input, context);
                
                if (!result.allowed) {
                    return result;
                }
            }
        }
        
        return { allowed: true };
    }
}

// Example Policies
const automationPolicies = [
    {
        name: 'data_privacy_policy',
        appliesTo: (automation) => 
            automation.type === 'data_processing' || 
            automation.config?.handlesPII === true,
        
        validate: async (automation) => {
            const errors = [];
            
            // Check for PII handling controls
            if (automation.config?.handlesPII && !automation.config?.piiProtection) {
                errors.push('Automations handling PII must include PII protection measures');
            }
            
            // Check data retention settings
            if (!automation.config?.dataRetentionPolicy) {
                errors.push('Data processing automations must specify data retention policy');
            }
            
            return {
                valid: errors.length === 0,
                errors
            };
        },
        
        checkExecution: async (automation, input, context) => {
            // Check if execution context includes proper data privacy controls
            if (context.dataPrivacyLevel !== 'approved') {
                return {
                    allowed: false,
                    reason: 'Data privacy level not approved for this execution context'
                };
            }
            
            return { allowed: true };
        }
    },
    
    {
        name: 'rate_limiting_policy',
        appliesTo: (automation) => 
            automation.type === 'api_integration' || 
            automation.config?.makesApiCalls === true,
        
        validate: async (automation) => {
            const errors = [];
            
            // Check for rate limiting configuration
            if (!automation.config?.rateLimiting) {
                errors.push('API integration automations must include rate limiting configuration');
            }
            
            // Check for retry logic
            if (!automation.config?.retryLogic) {
                errors.push('API integration automations must include retry logic');
            }
            
            return {
                valid: errors.length === 0,
                errors
            };
        }
    },
    
    {
        name: 'change_management_policy',
        appliesTo: () => true, // Applies to all automations
        
        checkExecution: async (automation, input, context) => {
            // Check if automation is in maintenance window
            const now = new Date();
            const maintenanceWindows = automation.config?.maintenanceWindows || [];
            
            for (const window of maintenanceWindows) {
                if (this.isInWindow(now, window)) {
                    return {
                        allowed: false,
                        reason: 'Automation is in maintenance window'
                    };
                }
            }
            
            return { allowed: true };
        }
    }
];

// Automation Registry Implementation
class AutomationRegistry {
    constructor(database) {
        this.database = database;
        this.collection = 'automations';
    }
    
    async create(entry) {
        return this.database.collection(this.collection).insertOne(entry);
    }
    
    async get(id) {
        return this.database.collection(this.collection).findOne({ id });
    }
    
    async update(id, updates) {
        return this.database.collection(this.collection).updateOne(
            { id },
            { $set: updates }
        );
    }
    
    async list(filters = {}) {
        return this.database.collection(this.collection).find(filters).toArray();
    }
    
    async getPerformanceMetrics(automationId, timeframe = '30d') {
        const metricsCollection = 'automation_metrics';
        
        return this.database.collection(metricsCollection)
            .find({
                automationId,
                timestamp: { $gte: this.getTimeframeStart(timeframe) }
            })
            .toArray();
    }
}

// Audit Logger Implementation
class AuditLogger {
    constructor(database) {
        this.database = database;
        this.collection = 'automation_audit_logs';
    }
    
    async log(entry) {
        // Sanitize entry for logging (remove sensitive data)
        const sanitizedEntry = this.sanitize(entry);
        
        // Add metadata
        const logEntry = {
            ...sanitizedEntry,
            logId: generateUUID(),
            loggedAt: new Date().toISOString()
        };
        
        // Store in database
        await this.database.collection(this.collection).insertOne(logEntry);
        
        // Also send to monitoring system if configured
        if (process.env.MONITORING_ENDPOINT) {
            await this.sendToMonitoring(logEntry);
        }
        
        return logEntry.logId;
    }
    
    sanitize(entry) {
        const sensitiveFields = ['password', 'apiKey', 'token', 'secret'];
        const sanitized = { ...entry };
        
        for (const field of sensitiveFields) {
            if (sanitized[field]) {
                sanitized[field] = '***REDACTED***';
            }
            
            // Also check nested objects
            this.recursiveSanitize(sanitized, field);
        }
        
        return sanitized;
    }
    
    recursiveSanitize(obj, field) {
        if (typeof obj !== 'object' || obj === null) {
            return;
        }
        
        for (const key in obj) {
            if (key.toLowerCase().includes(field)) {
                obj[key] = '***REDACTED***';
            } else if (typeof obj[key] === 'object') {
                this.recursiveSanitize(obj[key], field);
            }
        }
    }
}

// Performance Monitoring
class AutomationMonitor {
    constructor(governanceSystem, alertSystem) {
        this.governanceSystem = governanceSystem;
        this.alertSystem = alertSystem;
        this.thresholds = {
            errorRate: 0.05, // 5%
            executionTime: 300000, // 5 minutes
            resourceUsage: 0.8 // 80%
        };
    }
    
    async check() {
        const automations = await this.governanceSystem.registry.list({ status: 'active' });
        
        for (const automation of automations) {
            await this.checkAutomation(automation);
        }
    }
    
    async checkAutomation(automation) {
        // Get recent performance metrics
        const metrics = await this.governanceSystem.registry.getPerformanceMetrics(
            automation.id,
            '24h'
        );
        
        if (metrics.length === 0) {
            return;
        }
        
        // Calculate metrics
        const stats = this.calculateStats(metrics);
        
        // Check thresholds
        const violations = [];
        
        if (stats.errorRate > this.thresholds.errorRate) {
            violations.push({
                metric: 'errorRate',
                value: stats.errorRate,
                threshold: this.thresholds.errorRate
            });
        }
        
        if (stats.avgExecutionTime > this.thresholds.executionTime) {
            violations.push({
                metric: 'executionTime',
                value: stats.avgExecutionTime,
                threshold: this.thresholds.executionTime
            });
        }
        
        if (stats.maxResourceUsage > this.thresholds.resourceUsage) {
            violations.push({
                metric: 'resourceUsage',
                value: stats.maxResourceUsage,
                threshold: this.thresholds.resourceUsage
            });
        }
        
        // Send alerts if violations found
        if (violations.length > 0) {
            await this.alertSystem.sendAlert({
                type: 'automation_performance_issue',
                automationId: automation.id,
                automationName: automation.name,
                violations,
                stats,
                timestamp: new Date()
            });
        }
    }
    
    calculateStats(metrics) {
        const total = metrics.length;
        const successes = metrics.filter(m => m.success).length;
        const failures = total - successes;
        
        return {
            totalExecutions: total,
            successes,
            failures,
            errorRate: failures / total,
            avgExecutionTime: metrics.reduce((sum, m) => sum + (m.executionTime || 0), 0) / total,
            maxResourceUsage: Math.max(...metrics.map(m => m.resourceUsage || 0))
        };
    }
}